The Liaonan metamorphic core complex (MCC) developed a NNE trend, NWW-dipped, low-angle detachment fault. Ductile shear zone occurred in the lower part and mainly consists of mylonitic granitic gneisses, which indicated a top-to-NWW shearing. Finite strain measurement of feldspar strain markers were estimated by the R_f /φ method. It suggested that strain intensities of mylonites (E_s) changed from 0.36 to 1.0 with an average of 0.75. Fulin and Hossack diagrams indicated strain types were close to flattening strain (lod parameter υ=0.11-0.98). Kinematic vorticity of mylonitic foliations and stretching lineations were estimated by Mohr diagram method and long and short axis method. The results indicated that kinematic vorticity ranged from 0.74 to 0.96 with an average of 0.85, which suggested that the foliations and lineations of mylonites recorded a bulk simple-dominated general shearing. The Kinematic vorticity during formation of extensional crenulation cleavage estimated by C′ method ranged from 0.10 to 0.84 with 0.58 on average. It recorded a later bulk pure-dominated general shearing. Based on the strain measurement, kinematic vorticity and thickness of the detachment fault, the quantification of thinning for the ductile shearing were calculated, which ranged from 130 to 705 m. All results suggested that the deformation mechanism of the Liaonan MCC was represented by earlier simple-dominated shearing and later pure-dominated shearing.

In order to enhance the understanding of the late Paleozoic tectonic settings of northern margin of the north China craton (NNCC) and closure time of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, the zircon U-Pb age, geochemistry and zircon Hf isotope of the Xiaojinggou granite are conducted by LA-MC-ICP-MS, ICP-AES and ICP-MS. The zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that the Xiaojinggou pluton was intruded at Permian (275±1 Ma, MSWD=0.93). All the granite have high contents of SiO₂ (70.72%?to?72.64%), K₂O (4.19% to 4.23%) with moderate A/CNK values (averaged at 1.1), suggesting that Xiaojinggou pluton is slightly peraluminous and belongs to the high-K calc-alkaline series. The concentrations of rare earth elements (ΣREE) varies in the range of 87.67 to 101.51 μg/g. The Xiaojinggou pluton is characterized by enriched LREE patterns with slightly negative Eu anomalies. It is enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE, e.g. Rb, Ba, K, Sr), but depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs, e.g. Nb, Ta, Y, Yb, Lu), which suggest this plutou may be derived from partial melting of the lower crust. Zircon ε_Hf(t) value varies from -9.56 to -5.00 and T_DM2 varies in the range of 1.91 to 1.61 Ga. All these characters indicates that the Xiaojinggou pluton is probably generated by partial melting of Lower Proterozoic crust of the NNCC, accompanied by the possible assimilation of mantle-derived magmas. In view of the evolution of the Permian granitic magmatism in the NNCC, middle Permian Xiaojinggou pluton formes in the transition period from subduction to collision/post-collision, and the Paleo-Asian Ocean should close before late Permian.

A new model, assuming "material extrusion along the simple-shearing direction during deformation", based on three-dimensional deformation theory and transpression model, investigates the relationships between "material extrusion along shear direction" and emerging combinations of foliation-lineation orientations, switches of foliation or lineation orientations and three-dimensional kinematic vorticity in terms of finite strains. The analysis shows that the material extrusion along shear direction will work on structural fabric patterns in tectonites. In thinning deformation, if material extrusion along vertical direction (z) is less than that along shear direction (x) (a≤1), the vertical foliation-horizontal lineation develops for the lengthening / thinning shear deformation, and the combining-patterns of foliation-lineation are independent of kinematic vorticity number (ω_k). However, in case of a>1, i.e. widening / thinning shear deformation, structural fabric patterns of shear zone are determined by two factors, namely, kinematic vorticity number (ω_k) and shortening (k) parallel to y-axis. The implications of this study are differential orientations of stretching lineations might be formed in the same transport direction of a shear zone, particularly in high-strain zones, the orientation of stretching lineations is not necessarily shear-parallel to the simple-shear component during the three-dimensional deformation.

Rice calli keep proliferating constantly without differentiation on N₆ medium, but can be induced to differentiate to form roots when they are treated with ABA. Basing on this physiological feature, RNAs were extracted from the calli cultured on mediums with or without ABA respectively, and hybridized with the rice cDNA microarray. By analyzing the cDNA microarray data, The authors totally obtained 271 genes associated with root differentiation from calli, including 107 up-regulated genes and 164 down-regulated genes. This preliminary result provides new clues for further study on the molecular mechanism of root differentiation of rice calli.